An easier way to manually adjust the iteration steps used by Newton Raphson you can use the following method for:
y = xi ^ ( xi - a ) = b
y = xi ^ ( xi - a ) = b
Use:
xn = xi - [ 1 - b / (xi ^ ( xi - a ))] / [ ln (xi) + 1 - a / xi ]
See sketch. If using a calculator memorize the iterated answer in order to speed up the manual process.
For instance:
x^(x-8) = 88
We guess for the upper solution:
x=9 y = 9^1 = 9
x=10 y = 10^2 = 100
So x(guess) is for instance x0 = 9.5
Filling in previous gets: x0 = 9.5, a=8, b=88 (using a standard calculator):
x1 = 10.33238273
x2 = 10.09001685
x3 = 9.971697611
x4 = 9.949483974
x5 = 9.948825612
As the last change is very small, then we check the f(x5) = x5^(x5-8) = 88.000122
This is 88.000122/88-1 = (<0.0‰)
x^(x-8) = 88
We guess for the upper solution:
x=9 y = 9^1 = 9
x=10 y = 10^2 = 100
So x(guess) is for instance x0 = 9.5
Filling in previous gets: x0 = 9.5, a=8, b=88 (using a standard calculator):
x1 = 10.33238273
x2 = 10.09001685
x3 = 9.971697611
x4 = 9.949483974
x5 = 9.948825612
As the last change is very small, then we check the f(x5) = x5^(x5-8) = 88.000122
This is 88.000122/88-1 = (<0.0‰)
We guess for the lower solution:
x=0.01 y = 9.55 E15
x=1 y = 1
x=1 y = 1
So x(guess) is for instance x0 = 0.5
Filling in previous gets: x0 = 0.5, a=8, b=88
x1 = 0.532744489
x2 = 0.546495332
x3 = 0.548317150
x4 = 0.548344625
As the last change is very small, then we check the f(x4) = x4^(x4-8) = 88.00000826
This is 88.00000826/88-1 = (<0.0‰)
This is 88.00000826/88-1 = (<0.0‰)
Solution:
x(lower) = 0.548344625
x(upper) = 9.948825612
In stead of writing long steps, you can fill it in directly. If you implement this in excel, then it might even be way quicker.
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If you have a formula like a^x+bx=c
then you can simplify it by:
x = c/b - W[a^(c/b)*ln(a)/b]/ln(a)
then you can simplify it by:
x = c/b - W[a^(c/b)*ln(a)/b]/ln(a)
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Now the question really is how reliable is the Lambert W function? Because you fill in your we^w=z relation and then it gives you the answer, without you knowing how they get to that answer. You can easily check it with filling your answer in we^w to check if it matches. For instance
y = 9^x + 9x = 110
with x = 110/9 - W [ 9 ^ ( 110 / 9 ) * ln(9) / 9] / ln(9) = 2.0554779
check: 9^2.0554779 + 9*2.0554779 ≈ 110
and you can easily check this with your calculator. But how can you get to this answer otherwise, not using the Lambert W function?
The answer again is Newton Raphson iteration:
dy/dx = (a^x) * ln(a) + a
and thus you get the iteration formula:
xn = xi - [ a^(xi) + a*xi - b ] / [ a^(xi) * ln(a) + a ]
xn = xi - [ a^(xi) + a*xi - b ] / [ a^(xi) * ln(a) + a ]
for instance you guess the first answer x0 = 2.6 with a = 9 and b = 110
then you get the following iteration steps:
x0 = 2.6
x1 = 2.279418827
x2 = 2.10129305
x3 = 2.05762191
x4 = 2.055482748
x5 = 2.055477922
As the last change is very small, then we check the f(x5) = 9^(x5) + 9*(x5) ≈ 110 (<0.0‰).
So using logarithmic differentiation conform the Newton Raphson method you can verify that the given answer by the Lambert W function is correct.
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Regarding 0^0=1, it clearly is wrong. This is an agreed upon assumption that cannot be proven. So 0^0=1.
From my point of view if you have nothing it cannot change magically into something.
So 0^0 must be 0
In comparison 3^3=27
3^2=9 as 27/3 = 9
3^1=3 as 9/3=3
3^0=1 as 3/3=1
But 0^3=0
0^2=0
0^1=0
Then 0^0=0
As there is nothing to divide as well then it still is 0.
Conclusion: 0^0=0

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